Protecting civilians in good faith a joint symposium on the updated ICRC Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention
Following five years of research and consultations, the ICRC published a new, updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention (GC IV) of 1949 in October 2025. GC IV is the cornerstone of protection...
17 Helmi 13min
Waging warfare at sea: how exceptional is the maritime domain today?
Naval warfare has undergone dramatic transformation, expanding across multiple domains and exposing civilian seafarers, infrastructure, and global supply chains to new and evolving risks. As modern ma...
10 Helmi 18min
“Cognitive warfare”: why the human brain should not become a battlefield
Militaries are gearing up for confrontation on a new battlefield: the human brain. While psychological operations aimed at deceiving enemies or manipulating soldiers and civilian populations have lon...
5 Helmi 21min
Bridging IHL and WPS: untapped potential to advance the wellbeing of women in conflict settings
The International Criminal Court recently issued its first conviction for gender persecution as a crime against humanity, alongside related convictions for rape as a war crime under international huma...
29 Tammi 18min
Deaths and separations in migration: lessons from migrant women and children
Many women and children are exposed to violence, exploitation and other risks, including death and family separation, during their migration journeys. Despite the recognition that gender and age shape...
22 Tammi 13min
IHL’s lighthouse; navigating towards a digital emblem
As cyber operations are increasingly taking place during armed conflicts, and this trend is likely to continue, certain specific protections afforded under IHL and identified in the physical world by ...
14 Tammi 21min
Twenty years on: the enduring impact of the ICRC customary IHL study and database
The ICRC’s 2005 study on customary international humanitarian law – along with the free, public database launched five years later – arrived at a moment when the legal landscape of armed conflict was ...
11 Joulu 202514min
Complying with IHL in large-scale conflicts: How should states prepare to allow and facilitate delivery of humanitarian relief?
Large-scale armed conflicts consistently sever the systems that sustain civilian life, leaving populations without essential services or access to basic goods. International humanitarian law (IHL) set...
4 Joulu 202513min
