Podcast 582: Gadolinium - The Contrast of MRI
Emergency Medical Minute28 Jul 2020

Podcast 582: Gadolinium - The Contrast of MRI

Contributor: Michael Hunt, MD

Educational Pearls:

  • Contrast agents are commonly used for X-rays and CT's to better characterize disease, but contrast doesn't work with MRI. That's where the element Gadolinium comes into play.
  • Gadolinium, element 64, is ferromagnetic (attracted to iron) below 68 degrees and above that temperature it's paramagnetic which makes it useful in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
  • Gadolinium is toxic alone, but when paired with chelators it can be used in humans and allows for better characterization of tumors or abnormal tissue on MRI.
  • It helps identify this abnormal tissue because when MRI causes polarization of our body's cells, the gadolinium, which has the maximum number of unpaired electrons in its orbital shells, alters the rate of decay in abnormal tissue highlighting abnormalities on imaging.
  • Gadolinium can also be used in the treatment of cancers because it collects in the cells of abnormal tissue, allowing for more targeted therapies.
  • In people exposed to gadolinium, the anaphylaxis rate is low, below 1/1000, and in rare cases there are reports of kidney injury and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis which is why it's not recommended in renal failure patients.

References

1)Ibrahim MA, Hazhirkarzar B, Dublin AB. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Gadolinium. [Updated 2020 Mar 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482487/

2)Pasquini L, Napolitano A, Visconti E, et al. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent-Related Toxicities [published correction appears in CNS Drugs. 2018 May 15;:]. CNS Drugs. 2018;32(3):229-240. doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0500-1

Summarized by Jackson Roos, MS4 | Edited by Erik Verzemnieks, MD

Episoder(1145)

Episode 943: Portal Vein Thrombosis

Episode 943: Portal Vein Thrombosis

Contributor: Travis Barlock, MD Educational Pearls: What is Portal Vein Thrombosis? The formation of a blood clot within the portal vein, which carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, pancrea...

10 Feb 20252min

Episode 942: Acute Mountain Sickness and High Altitude Cerebral Edema

Episode 942: Acute Mountain Sickness and High Altitude Cerebral Edema

Contributor: Jorge Chalit-Hernandez, OMS3 Educational Pearls: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the term given to what is otherwise colloquially known as altitude sickness High altitude cerebral ed...

3 Feb 20253min

Episode 941: Rehydration in Pediatric Gastroenteritis

Episode 941: Rehydration in Pediatric Gastroenteritis

Contributor: Meghan Hurley, MD Educational Pearls: Gastroenteritis clinical diagnoses: Diarrhea with or without vomiting and fever Vomiting in the absence of diarrhea has a large list of diffe...

27 Jan 20253min

Episode 940: Laceration Repair Methods

Episode 940: Laceration Repair Methods

Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: If a patient sustains a cut, the provider has several options on how to close the wound. If they choose to suture the wound closed, it involves need...

20 Jan 20252min

Episode 939: Serotonin Syndrome

Episode 939: Serotonin Syndrome

Contributor: Jorge Chalit-Hernandez, OMS3 Educational Pearls: Serotonin syndrome occurs most commonly due to the combination of monoamine oxidase inhibition with concomitant serotonergic medications...

13 Jan 20253min

Episode 938: AHA Policy on Management of Elevated Blood Pressure (BP) in the Acute Care Setting

Episode 938: AHA Policy on Management of Elevated Blood Pressure (BP) in the Acute Care Setting

Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: Many patients present to the ED with elevated BP Many are referred from outpatient surgery centers or present after an elevated measurement at ho...

6 Jan 20252min

Episode 937: Pneumomediastinum

Episode 937: Pneumomediastinum

Contributor: Megan Hurley MD Educational Pearls: What is the mediastinum? The thoracic cavity is separated into different compartments by membranes The lungs exist in their own pleural cavities, a...

30 Des 20245min

Episode 936: Etomidate vs. Ketamine for Rapid Sequence Intubation

Episode 936: Etomidate vs. Ketamine for Rapid Sequence Intubation

Contributor: Ricky Dhaliwal MD Educational Pearls: Etomidate was previously the drug of choice for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) However, it carries a risk of adrenal insufficiency as an adver...

23 Des 20244min

Populært innen Vitenskap

fastlegen
tingenes-tilstand
rekommandert
jss
vett-og-vitenskap-med-gaute-einevoll
smart-forklart
rss-nysgjerrige-norge
rss-rekommandert
forskningno
sinnsyn
fjellsportpodden
rss-paradigmepodden
villmarksliv
pod-britannia
nordnorsk-historie
aldring-og-helse-podden
diagnose
tidlose-historier
rss-overskuddsliv
tomprat-med-gunnar-tjomlid