Belisarius: Dara's Trenches, the Naples Aqueduct and the Ravenna Bluff
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Belisarius: Dara's Trenches, the Naples Aqueduct and the Ravenna Bluff

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Belisarius, born around 500 in what is now Bulgaria, rose in Justinian's guard and built the bucellarii, a personal regiment of up to 7,000 armored horsemen carrying both lance and bow. At Dara in 530 he dug angled trenches to funnel Persian cavalry into killing zones, but at Callinicum in 531 his overconfident troops forced a battle and he fled. In 532 he and Mundus sealed the exits of the Hippodrome during the Nika riots and killed between 30,000 and 60,000 people, binding him to Justinian. In 533 he crossed to Africa with 500 ships, punished looters to keep the locals friendly, and broke the Vandal king Gelimer at Ad Decimum.

Sent to Italy in 535 with about 8,000 men, he took Naples through an abandoned aqueduct and held Rome against Vitiges by sallying out with horse archers. At Ravenna in 540 he pretended to accept the Goths' offer of the Western crown, then took the city for Justinian, who recalled him in distrust. He bluffed Khosrow with 6,000 hand-picked men in hunting gear, persuaded Totila by letter to spare Rome, and in 559 beat 7,000 Kutrigur Bulgars with 300 veterans and shouting civilians. He was pardoned of conspiracy in 562 and died in 565.

  • At Ad Decimum, Gelimer halted his army to bury his brother, handing Belisarius the moment to strike.
  • On Theodora's orders, Antonina accused Pope Silverius of treason, and he was exiled and starved.
  • A divided command with Narses contributed to the loss of Milan, where the Goths killed the male population.
  • Procopius's Secret History accuses Antonina of an affair with their adopted son Theodosius.
  • The famous image of Belisarius as a blind beggar at the gates of Rome is a fabrication.

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