Episode 85 - Emily Hobhouse mobilises against the "gigantic blunder" of the Concentration Camps

Episode 85 - Emily Hobhouse mobilises against the "gigantic blunder" of the Concentration Camps

It’s the first week of May 1901, and winter has come early in South Africa. As I mentioned last week, at this point social activist Emily Hobhouse was on board a ship heading for England after experiencing the South African Concentration Camps first hand and she was to mobilise parts of British society against the war by recounting her stories. She was British first, so when she disembarked later in May, she headed straight to the authorities. Emily Hobhouse believed that when they heard her stories about the conditions in the camps, and the rising death rate, government ministers would be so embarrassed they would institute changes. As we’ll hear at the end of the month - and through June - she was sorely mistaken. But she wasn’t alone. The attack on the camp system was also taken up by two other MPs CP Scott and John Ellis. IT was these two who first used in arch an ominous phrase - concentration camps - taking it from the notorious reconcentrado camps set up by the Spanish to deal with Cuban guerillas. AS we heard previously the use of Block Houses by the Americans in the Cuban war was also going to be perfected by the British in South Africa. It was Ellis who had sent his relative Joshua Rowntree to report on the camps. When Rowntree was refused entry into the two new colonies of the Transvaal and Free State by lord Kitchener, his instincts were aroused. British Secretary for War St John Brodrick insisted that these camps were voluntary, that the workers, women and children were all there on their own volition. They had arrived on their own free will as prisoners. How many lived in them, asked Ellis in March, and how many had died? It was only at the end of April that the house of Commons heard the first statistics. In the Transvaal, 21 thousand one hundred and three. By May they’d heard there were 19 thousand 680 prisoners in the now renamed Orange River Colony and 2 524 in the Natal Colony. It was also becoming apparent that St John Brodrick did not have all the information about what was really happening in these camps, at least that was the allegations by Ellis and the opposition leader, Lloyd George. He quoted for example that many of these refugees are what he called coloured people.

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Episode 7 - General Buller splits his force

Episode 7 - General Buller splits his force

General Redvers Buller, the commander of British forces in South Africa, is in Cape Town having arrived in late October 1899 and walked off the ship and into a firestorm. His orders to General White in Natal had been ignored, White had allowed Colonel Penn Symons to move north of the Tugela river to Dundee where he’d been killed in action. Now General White himself was holed up in Ladysmith, surrounded by two large Boer Commandoes, the Free Staters under General Steyn and the Transvalers under General Joubert.

5 Nov 201717min

Episode 6 - "Mournful Monday" as the British suffer a major defeat

Episode 6 - "Mournful Monday" as the British suffer a major defeat

Sir Redvers Buller the commander in chief of British Forces in South Africa, sailed into the harbour on the Dunottar Castle on 31st October 1899, with his warhorses, polo sticks and a bicycle, and Winston Churchill the young war reporter in tow. He was to arrive as the British experienced a major defeat and the most men taken prisoner in a single battle since the Napoleonic Wars almost a century before.

29 Okt 201718min

Episode 5 - Retreat from Dundee and the siege of Mafeking and Kimberley

Episode 5 - Retreat from Dundee and the siege of Mafeking and Kimberley

In October 1899 the Boers have begun to invade Natal and are about to threaten Ladysmith. It’s only two weeks after the war began on 10th October and at first the British believed they’d won two small battles at Talana Hill overlooking Dundee and Elandslaagte station north of Ladysmith.

22 Okt 201718min

Episode 4 - Talana Hill & Elandslaagte

Episode 4 - Talana Hill & Elandslaagte

In this episode we’ll learn about the first battle of Dundee or what’s known as Talana Hill, and Elandslaagte a day later. Both appeared at first to be British victories .. but appearances can be deceptive.

15 Okt 201718min

Episode 3 - Troops on the move and its war

Episode 3 - Troops on the move and its war

This week we’ll hear about the start of the war in October 1899 and hear about the structure of both the British and Boer armies. We’ll also find out just how unprepared the British were for this conflict and learn a little about how mobile the Boers really were in this first war of the modern era.

8 Okt 201718min

Episode 2 - Negotiations Fail

Episode 2 - Negotiations Fail

In this episode we’ll learn about the attempts by Kruger and the Free State leadership to avoid war while continuing to deny English speakers the vote in the two Boer Republics, the Transvaal and Free State. At the same time, Sir Alfred Milner, the governor of the Cape, pushes for intervention. We’ll take a closer look at how the two sides shaped up and what happened at the Bloemfontein Convention and ultimately, the failure of talks.

30 Sep 201721min

Anglo Boer War Episode 1

Anglo Boer War Episode 1

The Anglo-Boer war which began in 1899 and ended in 1902 was the culmination of more than 250 years of Boer expansion into Africa and conflict with blacks as well as a century of conflict with the British Empire. Some of the most famous names of the 20th Century were involved including Mahatma Gandhi as a stretcher bearer and Winston Churchill as a war correspondent. It was a war that the British expected to wrap up in a few months but ended up costing tens of thousands of lives over three years. It started with lofty ideals and ended with the British throwing Boer women and children into concentration camps where they died in their hundreds.

24 Sep 201722min

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