64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars can be dated to 17th August 1787, when in Constantinople the Ottomans arrested the Russian ambassador Count Bulgakov in the Topkapi palace, and declared war on St Petersburg. Catherine the Great had deliberately provoked the Turks and now dragged in the reluctant Austrians into the war. The Austrian Emperor was Joseph II, the archetypal enlightened despot, who worked hard to reform his empire but from the top down. His reforms provoked the so-called Brabantine Revolution 1789-90 in the Netherlands which was similar in some ways to the contemporary French Revolution.


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Music from Joseph Haydn (Symphony 94, 'Surpise'), Christoph Gluck (the opera 'Iphigenie En Tauride') and Mozart (the Turkish March), courtesy of www.musopen.org


Picture - January Suchodolski - the Siege of Ochakov 1788

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74.19 Treaty of Versailles

74.19 Treaty of Versailles

The Paris Peace consisted of a group of distinct treaties, but the main concern of the delegates was the settlement with Germany, embodied in the Treaty of Versailles signed in June 1919.Germany’s eas...

20 Okt 202320min

74.18 Endgame, 1918

74.18 Endgame, 1918

In Spring 1918 a massive German offensive made significant territorial gains, but ultimately not the intended breakthrough, and the Allied forces stood firm. Exhausted and demoralised at the scale of ...

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74.17 The Final Gamble, 1918

74.17 The Final Gamble, 1918

After the Russian withdrawal from the frontlines following the October revolution, the treaty of Brest-Litovsk is negotiated between Germany and Russia.The Germans sought to conclude war on the Easte...

8 Sep 202320min

74.16 War of Attrition on the Western Front 1917

74.16 War of Attrition on the Western Front 1917

While the nations of Europe fought each other to a bitter stalemate, the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, urged both sides to make peace. However, no agreement is made and the United St...

28 Juli 202324min

74.15 The Russian Revolution 1917

74.15 The Russian Revolution 1917

As the year 1917 dawned, Europe had been at war for two and a half years, and pressures on the home fronts were becoming intolerable. Every participant nation came under huge strain.In Russia the Tsar...

14 Juli 202321min

74.14 Battles of Verdun and The Somme 1916

74.14 Battles of Verdun and The Somme 1916

Europe entered the year 1916 exhausted by one and a half years of conflict of a scale hitherto unimaginable, with profound effects on citizens at home, as well as those on the front line.The most inte...

30 Juni 202326min

74.13 Eastern and Western Fronts 1915

74.13 Eastern and Western Fronts 1915

For the Germans, 1915 was a year that should not have been. Their whole strategy had been based on a quick war, but they now found themselves embroiled in a two-front war – on the eastern front agains...

16 Juni 202321min

74.12 Turkey and Italy Enter the War, 1915

74.12 Turkey and Italy Enter the War, 1915

The first months of fighting in the First World War had seen no major breakthrough from any side. The Germans had captured about ten percent of France, and reached within sixty miles of Paris, but the...

2 Juni 202320min

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