The Invisible Enemy

Episode #303: Hagar International, founded by Pierre Tami in Cambodia in 1994, began with a mission to support a single abused woman but quickly grew to assist thousands of vulnerable individuals affected by extreme human rights abuses. Catherine Kirkendall, the Executive Director of Hagar’s U.S. office, joins the podcast to discuss their organization’s mission.In the aftermath of the Khmer Rouge, Cambodia was left a devastated infrastructure and widespread poverty on top of its national trauma. Hagar's work expanded organically as the community's need for systemic support became evident. The organization played a significant role in transitioning from institutional care to family-based support, ensuring children had access to stable and nurturing environments.In Myanmar, Hagar has worked for over a decade, partnering with local organizations to build capacity, provide trauma-informed care, and support resilience-building to address the widespread trauma resulting from trafficking and political turmoil. By offering culturally appropriate counseling and economic empowerment programs, Hagar aims to support communities under increasing strain.In addition to its work in Cambodia and Myanmar, Hagar also operates in Afghanistan and Thailand. In Afghanistan, they assist boys exploited through Bacha Bazi, a coercive practice involving sexual abuse. In Thailand, Hagar collaborates with authorities to combat child exploitation, focusing on building strong legal cases.Hagar’s approach wherever it operates is grounded in trauma-informed care, restorative justice, and long-term reintegration for survivors, while empowering them to rebuild their lives. Kirkendall emphasizes that systemic change is essential to prevent exploitation, focusing on individual impacts that create broader community ripples, even when the challenges seem overwhelming."It is tough. It is very hard," she acknowledges of the work. "All that we can do is focus on the individuals that we can work with and know that each individual then causes that ripple in their own community. And so it's that focus on each person, because otherwise, you look at the whole and it does become overwhelming and depressing."​

21 Jan 1h 48min

Episode #302: We are joined by Jansen Stovicek, a former monk from the Czech Republic who spent many years in Myanmar as Ashin Sarana. He discusses the intersection of Buddhism and Myanmar's challenging political landscape, with a focus on Thabarwa Sayadaw, an influential yet polarizing monk who inspires both deep reverence and strong controversy. (Note that we will refer to Ashin Sarana by his monastic name here, as at the time of the interview, he had not yet disrobed.)Ashin Sarana notes that Thabarwa Sayadaw has repeatedly made statements that seem both supportive of the military and openly questioning democratic forces, suggesting that the latter lacks emotional maturity and stability—yet he and his supporters insist on his neutrality. This claim is further belied by controversial remarks he has made about the country’s non-Buddhists, which often appear dismissive or at best, ambiguous. These comments minimize the historic and ongoing suffering of the country’s minorities at the hands of the military. Thabarwa’s own statements have created much distance between himself and Myanmar’s democratic movement.Beyond his political stance, Thabarwa’s skepticism toward economic development and education—which he views as eroding core Buddhist values—has placed him at odds with advocates of modernization. He has expressed concern that development poses a risk to religious devotion, which he sees as fundamental to Burmese identity, and he has spoken in ways that indicate a belief in the military as a force that protects traditional values.A core theme in Thabarwa’s worldview concerns his definition of “peace.” For him, true peace is not just about the absence of violence; it lies in the presence of unwavering devotion to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha. By this logic, a society devoted to these values could be considered “peaceful” despite injustice and violence towards marginalized communities. This perspective has made him a divisive figure, sparking debate about his role in Myanmar’s struggle for freedom and stability, and complicating his public image.“One thing I need to add," Ashin Sarana says in closing, "is that there is one kind of attachment that arahants [fully enlightened beings] entirely relinquish, and that is attachment to views. And I wonder if the Sayadaw actually has attachment to a view regarding the military.”

17 Jan 2h 45min

Episode #301: “I want to invite everybody to see the Karen people not just as victims, but to experience the real beauty in the culture, the uniqueness, the simplicity.” These are the words of Saw Sha Kerpaw Wah, a humanitarian from Karen State, Myanmar, who shares his story of displacement, identity, and commitment to his people. Born in 1995 during the fall of Manerplaw, the headquarters of the Karen National Union, his family fled through the jungle, marking the start of their journey as refugees. Sha Kerpaw Wah spent his early childhood in a refugee camp in Thailand, before his family resettled in Norway. There they found safety, but engendered a sense of cultural dissonance. Although warmly welcomed in Norway, and living there for 20 years, Wah always felt a deep spiritual connection to Kawthoolei, the Karen homeland, feeling that it was his "duty" to return and serve his people.A major turning point in Wah’s life came during his final year of college when he watched a video of Karen indigenous leader, Saw O Moo, inspiring him to leave his studies and fully dedicate himself to humanitarian work. He began making frequent trips back to Kawthoolei, working to support those displaced by Myanmar’s ongoing civil war.Today, Sha Kerpaw Wah continues to serve the Karen people, advocating for education, self-reliance, and a united leadership among Karen leaders. His ultimate dream is to see a peaceful, independent Kawthoolei where future generations can grow up free from the violence and trauma that have shaped his life.

14 Jan 1h 44min

Episode #300: Three panelists explore the complexities of Myanmar’s revolution against military oppression, diving into its tactical, logistical, and humanitarian challenges. Our guests include Anthony Davis, a security analyst with extensive experience in conflict zones such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Philippines; Azad, an internationalist from the United States who spent nearly a year working with resistance groups in Chin State and has prior experience in northeastern Syria; and Marc, a field strategist with broad expertise across Africa and Asia, who has provided tactical and logistical guidance to Myanmar’s resistance since the early days of the conflict.They discuss the grassroots origins of the resistance, born from peaceful protests and evolving into armed defiance against the junta. This transformation brought early struggles with mistrust between ethnic armed organizations and newly formed People’s Defense Forces, stemming from decades of ethnic tension. Despite these divisions, the resistance grows stronger through strategic adaptation and grassroots unity.The panelists then highlights the significant obstacles Myanmar’s revolution faces, including a lack of external support from neighboring countries and global powers, forcing the movement to rely on domestic efforts. They examine the logistical challenges of sustaining the fight, from resource shortages to the high cost of essential equipment like ammunition. Yet, technological advancements, such as encrypted communication and drones, have bolstered resistance capabilities, showcasing innovation in the face of adversity. Ethnic divides remain a critical issue, complicating unity among resistance groups. Some progress has been made through alliances in regions like Chin State, yet mistrust and competing interests still hinder broader cohesion.Beyond strategy, the panel delves into the profound humanitarian crisis. Millions of civilians endure displacement and deprivation, placing immense strain on the resistance. Yet despite these challenges, Myanmar’s revolutionary spirit remains unbroken. The panelists stress the need for trust-building, improved coordination, and a vision for federalism to sustain the movement and shape a post-conflict Myanmar. Ultimately, the revolution is fueled by resilience, innovation, and a steadfast commitment to liberation in the face of overwhelming odds.

10 Jan 1h 58min

Episode #299: Greg Constantine’s project on the Rohingya community is a profound exploration of both their suffering and resilience. Through years of dedicated storytelling, Greg has sought to shed light on the overlooked experiences of the Rohingya, a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority in Myanmar. Despite deep roots in Rakhine State, the Rohingya have faced systemic persecution for decades, culminating in the 1982 citizenship law that left them stateless and stripped of basic rights.Greg’s work began in 2006, and he has since documented the ongoing oppression and humanity of the Rohingya people. He captures not only moments of suffering but also the ordinary lives and hopes of the community. In 2019, Greg curated an exhibition at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which shifted his approach to include a fuller narrative—showing not only the suffering but also the contributions of the Rohingya. This led to the project “Ek Khaale,” meaning “Once upon a time,” aimed at reclaiming the Rohingya narrative. The project gathered family photos, personal documents, and other artifacts to reveal the community’s history and humanity.Launched as an online interactive experience, “Ek Khaale” presents the Rohingya's story through nine chapters, highlighting cultural heritage, contributions during World War II, and their resilience despite systemic violence. Greg’s work challenges the perception of the Rohingya as passive victims, instead presenting them as a community with a rich culture, deep connections, and a history of contributions. Ultimately, his work aims to restore dignity to the Rohingya and humanize a community often reduced to mere statistics. "The reason why I kept going back to that story is because if I thought about almost like all the different characteristics that make up this theme of statelessness... I don't think that there was any other community that had been so incredibly paralyzed by all of those different characteristics than the Rohingya community. It was a perfect storm."

7 Jan 1h 35min

Episode #298: Maia Storm is an immigration attorney with over 25 years’ experience specializing in assisting refugees, particularly those from Myanmar. She began her career helping prisoners facing long detentions or deportation, before opening her own firm to serve the growing Burmese refugee community in Michigan. Her focus shifted after the 2021 Myanmar coup, as she has since worked tirelessly to assist individuals fleeing political persecution and seeking asylum in the United States. Maia’s clients have often been involved in anti-coup activities and fear being arrested or conscripted back home.Navigating the U.S. immigration system is a grueling, years-long process that often leaves refugees in a state of uncertainty. Maia advocates for these clients, helping them apply for asylum or temporary protected status (TPS), often overcoming significant barriers like language difficulties, lack of documentation, and the emotional toll of fleeing a violent regime. While the legal process can be complex and bureaucratic, Maia’s passion for her clients’ stories and her personal commitment to their safety make her a vital resource.Despite the system’s challenges, Maia has built a strong rapport with her clients, guiding them through the difficult asylum application process and preparing them for their interviews and hearings. She emphasizes the importance of personalizing their stories to make them more credible, to help overcome bureaucratic red tape. Asylum cases are never straightforward, but Maia’s approach ensures that each client’s voice is heard. She remains steadfast in her mission to offer a lifeline to those fleeing violence and oppression, helping them find safety and a future in the United States.“Most of these people have been active in some kind of anti-coup activity,” she says. “And they may even have warrants out for their arrest! So I try to help as many people as I can."​

3 Jan 2h 24min

Episode #297: The vibrant flavors of Burmese cuisine have traveled far beyond the borders of Myanmar, embedding themselves into global food culture. Earlier this year, we convened a panel discussion that delved not only into recipes and cooking techniques, but also into the themes of resilience, culture, and migration. Our guests included:· Kenneth Wong: A Burmese-American author, translator, and UC Berkeley language teacher.· Ma Nandar: A feminist activist and storyteller from Shan State, Myanmar, Ma Nandar channels her passion for justice through her leadership in the Purple Feminists Group and her creative exploration of food as a form of healing and memory.· Htet Khine Soe (Ko Htet): A long-time activist involved in movements from the Saffron Revolution to "Food Not Bombs," Ko Htet continues his humanitarian work from Mae Sot, after years of persecution and personal loss under Myanmar’s military regime.· Thin Lei Win: An acclaimed journalist and founder of Myanmar Now and The Kite Tales, Thin Lei Win combines her reporting on climate and food systems with a deep personal passion for cooking, exploring the connections between food, culture, and sustainability.Food plays a vital role in cultural preservation for Burmese families, connecting them to their homeland and history. As the diaspora spread across countries like Thailand, Australia, and the U.S., beloved recipes were passed down through generations, blending with local cuisines and creating new fusion dishes. This panel showcases personal stories and commentary on how Burmese cuisine has been both preserved and transformed by this global migration. The panelists also examine how Burmese food fosters community, becoming a bridge between cultures. Burmese restaurants, pop-up kitchens, and food festivals offer spaces for cultural exchange, promoting a deeper understanding of Myanmar’s rich culinary heritage. By offering the stories behind the food, the episode provides listeners with both historical context and a celebration of Burmese resilience through cuisine.

31 Dec 20241h 59min

Episode #296: Azad, an American fighter who is supporting the resistance against the military, returns to the podcast to discuss the current situation in Chin State, and the Chin people’s struggle for liberation. Long isolated and neglected, this region is now at the center of a determined battle against Myanmar’s military junta. The difficult terrain hinders typical military tactics, resulting in the junta's reliance on air superiority; it also makes the supply chain a challenge, causing the military to engage in coercion for local resources. Despite being outgunned, the resistance remains committed to challenging the military’s presence, highlighting the resilience of the Chin people. Azad notes how local, armed groups will sometimes strategically choose to not overrun junta bases even when it is possible, in order to prevent heavy, retaliatory aerial bombardments, which mainly just affect civilians.Azad talks about how low morale is a real issue among junta troops stationed in Chin. They often lack the will to fight, but they face severe consequences if they are caught trying to defect. Despite this, the resistance has seen some success with encouraging defections.Even as the advantage begins to tilt away from the military, Azad discusses the importance of coordination and unity among different resistance groups and the need for unity both to effectively fight the junta now, but also in post-liberation governance. He emphasizes the necessity of building a cohesive and unified governing structure. Azad speaks about the Anti-Fascist Internationalist Front and its volunteers who have joined the fight in Burma, drawing parallels to historical internationalist efforts, and stressing the importance of solidarity."When people come together and they want to fight for their own freedom, for their own autonomy, for their own self-determination, can they do it?" Azad asks rhetorically. "The answer is absolutely yes. The important part is what is currently represented is the will of the people against the will of a dictator. If you want to make it as romantic as you like, the will of the many versus the will of the few."

27 Dec 20241h 28min