Ep. 564 Pressure-Enabled Drug Delivery in HCC & Metastatic Liver Lesions with Dr. Zach Berman

In this episode, host Dr. Sabeen Dhand interviews interventional cardiologist Dr. Eric Secemsky about the role of intravascular ultrasound in lower extremity interventions, and how he published a consensus document to standardize its use across specialties and provide a framework for new users. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Philips Image Guided Therapy Devices Academy https://resource.philipseliiteacademy.com Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Secemsky practices at BIDMC in Boston. His passions are pulmonary embolism intervention and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for peripheral vascular disease. He began using IVUS for coronary interventions, and then began incorporating it in arterial and venous peripheral interventions. The goal is to make procedures durable in the endovascular world, and IVUS is key for that. In the coronaries, there is a standardized way that all cardiologists use IVUS for. First, they cross the lesion with the wire, then use IVUS to measure lesion length and vessel diameter for stent sizing. They also evaluate plaque composition, which informs whether to use a plaque modifying device before stenting. They then balloon, stent, and use IVUS again to evaluate stent position and check for dissections. Dr. Secemsky measures an arterial lumen by identifying the 3 layers of the vessel wall, and finding the black stripe behind the intima, which corresponds to the elastic membrane. Dr. Secemsky tells us about a consensus article he published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. He collaborated with some colleagues to form a 12 person steering committee composed of interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, vascular surgery and vascular medicine specialists. The goal was to consolidate information from all these specialties to provide a single standardized document. This document can be used for those wanting to incorporate IVUS into their practice, but don’t know where to begin. They established levels of evidence regarding where IVUS is most appropriate. They found that tibial arterial intervention has the highest support for use of IVUS across specialties. Furthermore, they established that the best practice for IVUS is to use it three times per case, for pre-intervention, middle-run and post-run. Using IVUS is safe, and offers so much information to make case a more efficient. In addition, you cut down on device utilization, contrast use and radiation exposure, while improving patient outcomes by getting better luminal gain and improved durability of your intervention. --- RESOURCES JACC Consensus Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35926922/

8 Maj 202329min

5 Maj 202330min

In this episode, Dr. Isabel Newton hosts a panel discussion on updates about Road2IR, an international consortium aimed at increasing access to IR procedures and education in East Africa and beyond. She is joined by Drs. Fabian Laage Gaupp, Judy Gichoya, and Janice Newsome. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Reflow Medical https://www.reflowmedical.com/ RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/SuvZJb --- SHOW NOTES We start by reviewing the origin story of Road2IR. In 2017, Dr. Laage Gaupp had been a second-year diagnostic radiology resident when he traveled to Tanzania for an IR readiness assessment. He found that most of the infrastructure to support IR procedures were already in place; however, there was no formal training program. From there, he and other Road2IR co-founders launched East Africa’s first IR training program, as a collaborative effort between Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Yale Radiology, Emory Radiology, and many other partner institutions. Since then, graduates of the training program have gone on to become professors of IR in Tanzania as well as other countries. The early years of the program required a lot of flexibility and patience, due to the limited amount of resources. It was necessary to start with simple procedures like core needle biopsies, abscess drainages, and nephrostomy tubes. Additionally, Dr. Gichoya emphasizes that these ordinary procedures can make a drastic difference in a patient’s life and even impact entire families. Being able to perform and teach a full spectrum of minimally invasive, life-saving procedures energizes her and other faculty members who donate their time and energy. Dr. Newsome has served as the program director for the MUHAS IR program, and she speaks about the challenges that arose during the COVID pandemic, in terms of healthcare policy in Tanzania, as well as restrictions for university faculty travel in the United States. Through the height of the pandemic, the training program persisted with virtual oral examinations, meetings, and lectures. The logistics of travel, equipment, and education are still major challenges today, and they are addressed by a dedicated team of individuals with common goals. Finally, we cover the concept of reverse innovation, aspects of healthcare in under-resourced settings that can inform the U.S. healthcare system. These include lessons in building local service lines, avoiding turf wars, and embracing technology. --- RESOURCES Road2IR: https://www.road2ir.org/ Ep. 104- Bringing IR to East Africa: The Road2IR Story with Dr. Faabian Laage Gaupp: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/104/bringing-ir-to-east-africa-the-road2ir-story

3 Maj 20231h 5min

In this episode, guest host Dr. Peder Horner interviews Dr. Harold Coons about the history of IR, his contributions to the field, where the field is headed, and his advice for trainees and early career IRs. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS BD Advance Clinical Training & Education Program https://page.bd.com/Advance-Training-Program_Homepage.html Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Coons attended Pomona College, where he studied math. He then realized he didn’t want to be a nuclear scientist in the Sputnik era, which was where most opportunities were at the time. He decided to attend medical school at UCLA instead. As a medical student, he saw how happy the radiologists were, so he decided to choose it as a specialty. He had the opportunity to do a carotid arteriogram one day when everyone else was busy. He considered himself a maverick and someone who was always ready to take on a challenge. He then experienced a moment that changed his life, when Czech radiologist Josef Rösch came to UCLA to visit from the University of Oregon where he was working with Charles Dotter. Dr. Coons saw Dr. Rösch direct puncture the spleen for a spleen portogram, and it took him only 15 seconds. This was incredible to him, and after that, Dr. Coons followed him around whenever he did procedures. They teamed up, Dr. Coons volunteering to be the nurse, because no nurses liked working with Rösch. Coons shaped catheters for him at a steam kettle, watched him do the first TIPS on a dog, and did the first arterial embolization with clotted venous blood under the direction of Dr. Rösch. After his stint in the Airforce at a hospital in San Antonio, where he honed his embolization skills, he returned to San Diego. He was then working in private practice as the only IR in San Diego. One year, he heard about a meeting at Massachusetts General, so he submitted 6 papers on things he had been doing recently. All his papers were accepted, so he went to the meeting. At his first presentation, the leader of the meeting announced to the audience that he had accepted these papers to expose Coons as a fraud, because these techniques were nothing any academic had ever heard of. He did his presentation, and everyone in the audience, including the meeting leader, believed what he was doing was indeed real. He apologized to Coons and invited him to the speakers dinner, where he sat next to Kurt Amplatz and Plinio Rossi. Rossi convinced him to start publishing his ideas to get the credit he deserved, and to have something to show his children. Dr. Coons was forced to retire early in 1996 due to radiation exposure, but has been an avid innovator, educator, and international speaker since then. His passion for IR and excitement for the future of the field is contagious to all who have the pleasure of hearing him speak.

1 Maj 202352min

In this episode, Dr. Jacob Fleming interviews Dr. Olivier Clerk-Lamalice about basivertebral nerve ablation for vertebrogenic back pain, including indications, procedure technique and exciting tech on the horizon in minimally invasive spine interventions. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Clerk-Lamalice trained in Canada, first in engineering, and then medicine and diagnostic radiology at the Université de Sherbrooke in Calgary. He then completed a neuroradiology fellowship at Harvard, and a fellowship in interventional pain at The Spine Fracture Institute in Oklahoma City with Dr. Douglas Beall. Furthermore, he obtained his credentials as a fellow of interventional pain practice (FIPP), which is a widely recognized international designation. He now works at a comprehensive outpatient radiology center, where he practices both diagnostic and interventional radiology daily. They offer intrathecal drug administration, spinal cord stimulators, vertebral augmentation, Spine Jack, disc augmentation, nucleolysis, and various nerve blocks and ablations in and out of the spine. Their goal was to create a one stop shop for patients to come for consultation, imaging, expert advice and treatment. Next, we discuss vertebrogenic back pain and the basivertebral nerve (BVN). The BVN is a nonmyelinated, intraosseous nerve, while most other peripheral nerves are myelinated, meaning they can regenerate. The BVN cannot, so ablation of this nerve is a permanent treatment. It is located within the central portion of the vertebral body midway between the superior and inferior end plates, one third ventral to the posterior wall of the vertebral body. On a sagittal T2 sequence on MRI, there is a triangle at the posterior aspect at the midpoint of the vertebral body called the basivertebral canal, which contains the nerve, artery and vein. The BVN is responsible for vertebrogenic back pain, which is a form of anterior column pain characterized by low back pain worsened by flexion and sitting. It is diagnosed via MRI using the Modic classifications. Modic type 1 (edematous), and type 2 (fibrofatty end plate) changes can be seen in this disease. It can be difficult to distinguish vertebrogenic from discogenic pain due to the fact that the sinuvertebral nerve (SVN), responsible for discogenic pain, crosses paths with the BVN. However, with MRI and an anesthetic discogram, it is possible to determine the etiology and choose the right treatment. Finally, we discuss the steps of the procedure. Dr. Clerk-Lamalice uses an 8 gauge needle via a transpedicular approach, as is common for other spine procedures. He ensures the probe is positioned in the center of the vertebral body, parallel to the endplates. The nerve is ablated for 15 minutes at 85 C. The procedure takes 45 minutes, which includes an epidural steroid injection to bridge pain control during the periprocedural period. Patients usually go home within one hour after the procedure, and begin to experience the results within a couple days. There have been two trials for BVN ablation, which have made this intervention the most minimally invasive and evidence-based treatment for vertebrogenic pain. These studies indicated 25% of patients had a 50% reduction in pain, while 75% of patients had a 75% reduction of pain. Within that 75%, 30% reported being almost entirely pain free. To date, the study has followed participants to 8 years, and the results show the treatment is durable. --- RESOURCES Ep 210: Modern Vertebral Augmentation https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/210/modern-vertebral-augmentation Ep 94: Spine Interventions https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/94/innovation-in-spine-interventions Relievent device for BVN ablation: https://www.relievant.com/intracept/procedure-details/ Find this episode on backtable.com to view the full list of resources.

28 Apr 202359min

In this episode, host Dr. Chris Beck interviews Dr. Alexander Ushinsky about his standard workup and treatment when performing arterial thrombectomy in acute limb ischemia (ALI). --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR AngioDynamics Auryon System https://www.auryon-system.com/ --- SHOW NOTES In the past three years, Dr. Ushinksy has focused on building up peripheral vasculature service lines at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis. He has acquired skills not only in treatment of ALI, but also in building referral bases and collaborating with vascular surgeons and cardiologists. To begin, we review important aspects of a focused history and physical exam. It is crucial to assess whether the patient has underlying peripheral arterial disease (PAD), other thromboembolic diseases, or underlying coagulopathies. Different etiologies of thrombus could require additional consultation with hematologists and cardiologists. Additionally, timing of symptom onset is important to consider when planning interventions in an on-call setting. Dr. Ushinsky relies on extremity pulse exams using bedside doppler and the Rutherford Classification System for ALI to ascertain whether intervention can be helpful. In cases of Rutherford class 1-2a, intervention is usually warranted. Cases that fall into class 2b may or may not require intervention, and cases in class 3 and beyond usually do not gain benefit from intervention since lower extremity paralysis and clot burden is so severe. With regards to types of interventions, Dr. Ushinsky highlights two common IR procedures– lysis catheter placement and endovascular thrombectomy. In the past, lysis catheters were the only available endovascular treatment. We walk through catheter placement, noting that in order to gain maximum benefit, the catheter should be placed across the entirety of the thrombus, with holes proximal and distal to the lesion, so that tPA can be infused throughout the clot and have appropriate inflow and outflow tracts. Good candidates for lysis catheter placement include patients who have extensive clot burden in small vessels and those who have underlying CLI that can be definitively addressed in a later procedure. A major difference between lytic catheter placement and thrombectomy is that patients receiving lytic therapy require admission to the ICU for close monitoring and frequent neurovascular checks. Next, we pivot to discussion about newer thrombectomy devices. Dr. Ushinsky describes pros and cons of common devices that are used in his practice and types of cases that would benefit from each one. Thrombectomy is useful if there is a low clot burden that can be addressed in a single session. Additionally, this procedure is more appropriate than lysis catheter placement if the patient is elderly, has had recent surgery, or is otherwise a poor candidate for systemic tPA. Dr. Ushinsky always performs a diagnostic angiogram at the beginning of the case and a completion angiogram to confirm that the lesion has been fully treated. Overall, he believes that the best intervention for a patient is the one that the practitioner feels the most adept at and can safely perform. --- RESOURCES Rutherford Acute Limb Ischemia Classification System: https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(97)70045-4/fulltext#secd69653256e1488 Boston Scientific AngioJet Thrombectomy System: https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/products/thrombectomy-systems/angiojet-thrombectomy-system.html Penumbra Indigo Thrombectomy System: https://www.penumbrainc.com/peripheral-device/indigo-system/ AngioDynamics Auryon Thrombectomy System: https://www.angiodynamics.com/product/auryon/ Rotarex Excisional Atherectomy System: https://www.bd.com/en-us/products-and-solutions/products/product-families/rotarex-rotational-excisional-atherectomy-system Pounce Thrombectomy System: https://pouncesystem.com/ Find this episode on BackTable.com to see the full list of resources.

24 Apr 20231h

In this week’s episode. Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews co-hosts and IRs Dr. Ally Baheti and Dr. Chris Beck about indications, procedural steps, and patient education for tunneled pleural and peritoneal catheters. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/7zVIlO --- SHOW NOTES First, we review indications for tunneled catheters, the most common ones being malignancies. Since tunneled catheters are known to carry a risk of infection, their placement is often used as a palliative care measure. In addition to malignancies, they can also be used to improve symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, autoimmune diseases, and chylothorax. Dr. Baheti emphasizes the importance of establishing chronicity and recurrence of the effusions before placing the tunneled catheter. For example, some patients with ascites could better benefit from a TIPS procedure rather than a peritoneal catheter. Dr. Beck gives us advice for placing pleural tunneled catheters. He positions the patient to ensure the best access point, using a cloth roll underneath the ipsilateral hip and having the patient raise the ipsilateral arm. He also uses lidocaine injections for pain control and he makes a gentle curve to get a smooth angle of the catheter. Dr. Baheti shares her own experiences with pleural tunneled catheter placement. She tunnels along the intercostal space and angles the needle into the posterior space to achieve a smooth angle. She also chooses the biggest fluid pocket to drain, where the fluid is at least 5 cm. She emphasizes that pre-procedural planning and the final location of the catheter tip has a large influence on whether or not the catheter can successfully drain fluid. Throughout a patient’s care, clear communication with insurance, the patient, and the home caretakers are very important. Finally, Dr. Fritts says that the most important part about the procedure is counseling the pt. Realistically, it is hard for physicians to find time to explain the specific instructions of home care, so it is important to delegate at least one person on the medical team to do this. --- RESOURCES PleurX Drainage System: https://www.bd.com/en-us/products-and-solutions/products/product-families/pleurx-pleural-catheter-system

21 Apr 202345min

In this panel episode recorded at SIR 2023, Drs. Stephen Hunt, Chuck Martin, and Gaurav Gadodia update us on current applications and future directions of augmented reality in interventional radiology. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Medtronic Ellipsys Vascular Access System https://www.medtronic.com/ellipsys Reflow Medical https://www.reflowmedical.com/ --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/voyqG5 --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Hunt explains the differences between virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) since there is increasing levels of overlap between virtual and real worlds with each category . He notes that all three are being explored in surgical fields, especially orthopedics and neurosurgery. Within IR, augmented reality can be used to adjust images and subtract out respiratory motion, making biopsies and ablations safer and more effective. Dr. Hunt became interested in AR when his PIGI Lab at the University of Pennsylvania needed 3D models to access liver tumors in experimental mice. Additionally, AR is a useful tool for planning difficult procedures and teaching interventional procedures to trainees across the globe. Dr. Martin speaks about the intersection of medicine and industry. He directs research studies for Mediview, a company focused on bringing AR into medical imaging. Dr. Martin speaks about the important role that industry plays in commercializing an invention and getting it into operators’ hands. As larger companies enter the AR space, accessibility and user interfaces will improve. Additionally, the shift towards AR product development can guide future FDA regulations. Dr. Gadodia’s engineering background made him excited to enter the AR space as resident at the Cleveland Clinic. He highlights applications of AR in the non-academic setting. Using a headset could increase procedural efficiency and access to care. Finally, we discuss major shifts in industry and medicine that favor the increasing use of AR, such as industry’s need for clinician input in product development, the multitude of startups working on the same issues, and the overarching goal of patient safety. --- RESOURCES Ep. 7- Lung Tumor Ablation with Dr. Stephen Hunt: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/7/lung-tumor-ablation Ep. 53- International IR Volunteer Work with Dr. Stephen Hunt: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/53/international-ir-volunteer-work Mediview: https://mediview.com/ Microsoft HoloLens: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/hololens Penn Image-Guided Interventions (PIGI) Lab: https://www.med.upenn.edu/pigilab/

19 Apr 202355min