Part 32 - Stephan Guyenet, PhD on the Brain Controlling Body Fatness, Your Food Environment, and Low Carb Controversy

Part 32 - Stephan Guyenet, PhD on the Brain Controlling Body Fatness, Your Food Environment, and Low Carb Controversy

Today we're talking to Stephan Guyenet who has a degree in biochemistry and a PhD in neuroscience. He's spent over 12 years in the neuroscience research world studying neurodegenerative disease and the neuroscience of body fatness. He wrote a great book called The Hungry Brain, speaks at conferences, is a Senior Fellow at GiveWell and scientific reviewer for the Examine.com Research Digest.

He is definitely not a low carb person which is why I had him on. He has a lot of great ideas and is a great mind in the space of nutrition. It was very interesting to hear him talk about all the great benefits he did see when he ate a low carb diet 11 years ago. Make sure to listen until the end when he talks about this.

He has some problems with certain people and aspects of the low carb community and is going on Joe Rogan's podcast soon to debate Gary Taubes on his views of the Carbohydrate Insulin theory of obesity and sugar being uniquely toxic

We had some disagreement on the recommended daily allowance of nutrients - he thinks what's recommended is all you need and getting more than that is pointless. I think this is wrong. I think he's basing it on studies of worthless, non-bioavailable vitamin C pills that in excess do nothing. So in that - I agree. I don't think there's any benefit to popping a bunch of these and think we're going to cure a cold. I do know that our ancestors got estimates of 10-20 times the amount of nutrients we get today, so there's a lot more to this discussion that we didn't have time to get into.

We also disagreed on fiber which led to some carnivore talk. He got some things wrong about the member of the Grateful Dead who was a carnivore. He said he died at a young age of a heart attack. I looked into it and it turns out he was carnivore for 48 years and was in excellent health and died in a car accident at 72.

He also says we don't have longterm studies on the safety of low carb diets at the end. This isn't exactly true and furthermore, we have hundreds of thousands of years of human populations living on low carb diets to prove its safety and efficacy. He additionally mentions the low carb community makes crazy claims that aren't based on science. I'm not sure what he's referring to. Not everything can be measured anyway. If tens of thousands of people report to their doctor they aren't hungry anymore, their energy is stable, their brain is working better, they aren't addicted to sugar, they finally have control of their food intake, etc. then this is some great clinical observations and patient anecdotes that add up to a lot.

I think everyone has their own ideas about things and collects info to support their opinion. It's only natural, and I'm sure I'm doing it to, even though I'm trying not to. Everyone has to be in their camp and collect data and narratives to support their theories. He seemed to do this as you'll see throughout the episode.

I agreed with a lot of his points though, especially that humans didn't evolve to eat based on tracking macros and calories and using an excel spreadsheet to figure out what to eat. He's doing great work and looking at this from a different angle which is important. A lot of interesting stuff here so let's get to it. But first I gotta mention the Food Lies film which is in the last stretch of crowdfunding on Indiegogo. We really need your help to finish it. We have a bunch of cool perks like the Eat Meat T-shirt, the movie poster, bonus features, and more. Find it through FoodLies.org or by clicking through this link in the show notes. I really appreciate it - and now here's Stephan Guyenet.

http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post

Show Notes

  • I'm obsessed with why we get fat and what to do about it and you've been researching this for a long time
  • Why the brain is the most important place to focus on
  • The brain regulates how much we eat, our food choices, and our exercise
  • There's also non conscious processes the brain regulates that influence caloric expenditure, etc.
  • We also study the human genome to find how that plays a role in body fatness
  • When it comes to body weight, the genes that relate the most are in the brain
  • Nobody wants to overeat, but we end up doing it anyway
  • We need to look at our past to understand why we are wired to seek excess calories
  • Animals and hunter gatherers we've studied follow the Optimum Foraging Theory when they acquire food. It's all about the calories per the amount of effort
  • Because we were eating whole foods from nature, if we got enough calories, we by default we're getting all the vitamins and minerals needed
  • They didn't have white flour, sugar, or refined oils
  • We only have receptors for fat, sugar, salt, and glutamate
  • Apparently those are the nutrients that natural selection cared about most to create reward systems for
  • The Hadza people went mainly for meat, tubers, and honey and didn't go for leafy greens
  • The brain is motivated to pursue calorie containing foods, not vitamins and minerals
  • Combining bliss points make certain foods almost irresistible
  • You need to control your food environment
  • Not only don't have it sitting out so you can see certain foods, don't even have them in the house
  • How do genetics play a role? We know it's way more to do with the type of foods eaten
  • About 70% of people in countries like the US are genetically susceptible to become obese when eating the bad diet that exists there. The remaining percent just aren't as susceptible and can get away with it
  • Energy balance while always be a fact, but there's a lot more to it
  • Eat less, move more may work for some people, but it's not how we evolved. It's not a natural way to regulate body weight
  • You can set up a food environment to allow your body to naturally eat the right amount
  • You'd have to be hungry all the time to continue eating processed foods and try to lose weight
  • His definition and thoughts on nutrient density
  • Questioning the necessity of fiber
  • His views on the carnivore diet - he thinks a big factor is becoming lean and it certainly does that
  • He questions if there's long term chronic disease problems that we don't know about
  • Inuit seek some plant matter
  • Sound engineer from the Grateful Dead who was carnivore for 48 years - Stephan said he died of a heart attack at a young age. Turns out he was super healthy and died of a car accident at 72.
  • His book https://justmeat.co/docs/the-bear.pdf
  • They call him "Bear" https://dangerousminds.net/comments/uncle_johns_ham_the_grateful_deads_all-meat_diet
  • Wikipedia on him: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owsley_Stanley
  • Stephan agrees with what I always say about going to either end of the extreme with super low carb or super low fat you have great benefits
  • He's going on Joe Rogan's podcast to debate Gary Taubes on his views of the Carbohydrate Insulin theory of obesity and sugar being uniquely toxic
  • What happened with Gary Taubes and Dr. Peter Attia's non profit venture NuSI - the Nutritional Science Initiative?
  • What Stephan got wrong in his blog posts
  • Why he thinks Gary Taubes is wrong and what is the evidence
  • He doesn't like the fact that Gary is calling out scientists
  • Exercise and weight loss
  • The model of obesity he subscribes to is that it's all regulated by the brain
  • Homeostatic regulation - hypothalamus controls body fatness like a thermostat
  • The hormone leptin sends feedback to your brain regarding body fat levels
  • Personal fat threshold, how someone can be skinny on the outside but fat on the inside, people can be obese but metabolically healthy, and insulin as a dam holding back fat in the cells
  • He doesn't think that eating an insulin lowering diet like low carb allows you to lose weight because of the lowered insulin
  • He thinks low carb diets and low fat diets work merely because you're taking away the extreme motivation to overeat the foods, AKA hyperplatability
  • Potato hack
  • Metabolic flexibility
  • He thinks being metabolically inflexible is more a sign of insulin resistance than anything
  • He eats about 50% carb, 18% protein, 32% fat
  • He ate a low carb diet after reading Taubes' book Good Calories, Bad Calories 11 years ago
  • He said it was about the same but one benefit was that he wasn't tied to meal times. Eating high carb he definitely knew when it was time to eat. Easier to fast
  • He was easily doing 24 hour fasts. Now on high carb it's way harder and he experiences brain fog
  • Why are low carb diets so maligned in the mainstream media and medical system?
  • What are his solutions for fixing the nation's health problems?
  • His book The Hungry Brain http://www.stephanguyenet.com/thehungrybrain/
  • His website http://www.stephanguyenet.com
  • His Twitter https://twitter.com/whsource

Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post

Film site: http://FoodLies.org

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies

Sapien Movement: http://SapienMovement.com

Follow along:

http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg

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Part 193 - Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt on the Impactful Concept to Lose Fat - Satiety and Satiety Score

Part 193 - Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt on the Impactful Concept to Lose Fat - Satiety and Satiety Score

Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt is a Swedish medical doctor specialized in family medicine and the founder and CEO of Diet Doctor, a fast-growing health company. He graduated from medical school at Uppsala University in 2000 and spent twelve years working as a doctor, treating patients with low-carb, high-fat diets. In 2015, he quit to focus on Diet Doctor, which is completely free from ads, product sales, or industry sponsorship and is instead funded by an optional membership. Dr. Eenfeldt is also on the board of The Dietary Science Foundation, a non-profit dedicated to improving scientific knowledge and helping people live healthier lives. Website: https://www.dietdoctor.com/authors/dr-andreas-eenfeldt Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrEenfeldt Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dietdoctor/ Key Takeaways (simple version) (04:12) Satiety is not just about energy balance or calories-in, calories-out, but offers a flexible approach to nutrition that can be tailored to the individual. (09:12) Carbs aren't the problem as much as the type of carbs you eat, and how many calories you consume in a day. (18:40) Prioritizing satiety, particularly through the consumption of high-quality protein, ensures we don't overeat. (24:58) The satiety approach is flawed… but its flaws are few compared to virtually all the mainstream diets out there. (46:53) Satiety can be thought of as an antifragile approach, in that criticism of the concept or evidence that appears to suggest the contrary only end up making the concept more robust. (55:52) People tend to eat more when their energy density is high. (58:21) You don't need fiber on a low-carb diet, but one thing it does help with is satiety. (1:11:01) A healthy microbiome doesn't necessarily lead to increased metabolic health, nor is it a solution to obesity. (1:14:26) Dr. Eenfeldt gives his thoughts on the recent debate between Dr. Nick Norwitz and Dr. Ted Naman on the satiety approach.

25 Apr 20231h 23min

Part 192 - Ashley and Sarah Armstrong on Breaking Free from the Low Carb Myth

Part 192 - Ashley and Sarah Armstrong on Breaking Free from the Low Carb Myth

Ashley and Sarah Armstrong, aka The Strong Sistas, are powerlifters and nutritional coaches who are passionate about bioenergetic nutrition and regenerative agriculture. Suffering from autoimmune disease, the sisters have adopted an animal based lifestyle, utilizing the Carnivore Diet and the Ketogenic Diet, which has transformed their lives. Today, they live on a regenerative farm in Michigan and, in addition to their coaching practice, co-host the Rooted in Resilience Podcast.  Website: https://www.armstrongsisters.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/strong.sistas/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@StrongSistas/featured Show Notes  (04:59) Your ability to produce energy, resist disease, and eat a wide variety of foods is developed in the environment you grew up in. (12:38) We need to develop food awareness rather than food fear. (19:57) Reduce your endotoxin load to mitigate its negative impact on estrogen and serotonin. (31:58) There are many misconceptions around PUFAs and saturated fat. (40:27) A weight loss program can result in health issues because even a short-term caloric deficit leads to a significant decrease in thyroid hormone conversion from T4 to T3. (50:29) Calories-in, calories-out does matter; but, the state of your thyroid impacts your basal metabolic rate. (55:50) Ease of digestion should be considered when determining what to prioritize in your diet. (1:05:32) Dr. Ray Peat believes that the small intestine should be relatively sterile (1:13:09) Putting on muscle is extremely advantageous to women over 30.

18 Apr 20231h 29min

Part 191 - Calley Means on How the Sickcare System Cons the World for Trillions

Part 191 - Calley Means on How the Sickcare System Cons the World for Trillions

Calley Means is the cofounder of True Medicine, which enables patients to use HSAs/FSAs to buy healthy food, exercise and supplements. He is writing a book, co-authored with his sister Dr. Casey Means, about how preventable cellular dysfunction (caused primarily by food) is at the root of nearly every chronic condition that plagues American life – and how to fix it. https://calleymeans.com/ Calley has invested in healthcare companies aiming to transform the current sick-care system, including Levels (providing patients with more metabolic health data), Atai (a leading mental health/psychedelic company), Delix (a leading psychedelic company), and Rejuveron (a leading longevity company), as well as consumer startups such as RapidSOS, UpSmith, Dynamic.xyz, and Vibe. Previously, Calley co-founded a company called Anomalie with his wife, which was acquired by David's Bridal. Anomalie's solution is the only customizable, made-to-order bridal brand that helps brides of all sizes, styles, and budgets visualize and create their perfect dream dress. https://twitter.com/calleymeans https://www.instagram.com/calleymeans/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/calley-means-a29b5512/ SHOW NOTES: (12:02) Is the growth of the healthcare industry correlated with better outcomes? (18:54) Humans and domesticated animals are the only creatures struggling with systematic obesity, depression, and metabolic dysfunction. (24:45) The average American today goes through 17 different medical specialists throughout their life. (30:59) Most forms of cancer aren't "unlucky". They're very preventable. (44:01) Food, alongside other metabolic habits, are causing not just a health epidemic in the U.S., but economic and political turmoil as well. (54:17) The American Diabetes Association said that as long as you take your drugs (if you're Type 2 diabetic) you can eat whatever you want. (56:43) Ultra-processed food is made up of highly-processed grains, sugar, and seed oils. (1:02:16) The USDA recommends up to 10% of our diet to be added sugar, nudging us into funding our destruction. (1:13:16) Is there any way, right now, without waiting for policy change, to use our current health benefits to buy root cause habits? GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

12 Apr 20231h 24min

Part 190 - Dr. Ted Naiman & Nick Norwitz, PhD and the Food System Scoring Wars

Part 190 - Dr. Ted Naiman & Nick Norwitz, PhD and the Food System Scoring Wars

Ted Naiman is a board-certified Family Medicine physician in the department of Primary Care at a leading major medical center in Seattle. Senior Science and Communication Advisor for DietDoctor.com. His research and medical practice are focused on the practical implementation of diet and exercise for health optimization. He has an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering and utilizes engineering principles when dealing with complex systems such as human health and nutrition. https://tednaiman.com/ Dr. Nicholas Norwitz obtained his PhD in ketogenic nutrition and metabolism from Oxford University and is pursuing his MD at Harvard Medical School. He is a certified Metabolic Health Practitioner (MHP), and the author of peer-reviewed scientific papers and textbook chapters on topics including Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gastrointestinal health, genetics, osteology, and Parkinson's disease, as well as a blogger and lecturer on the application of the ketogenic diet as metabolic medicine. https://twitter.com/nicknorwitz GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org SHOW NOTES: [9:49] What is the idea of a healthy diet for a day? [13:05] The biggest factor in the obesity crisis. [17:19] Which is more important: food or exercise? [23:23] Are seed oils poison? [29:08] Satiety Per Calorie concept. [34:05] Is Nutrient Density scoring system going to work? [50:41] Satiety Per Calorie scoring system complexity. [1:13:50] Can the Diet Doctor resource scores be harmful for patients? [1:19:20] What is the Carbohydrate Insulin Model? [1:23:25] What all these models can not explain? [1:32:36] Is it possible to create a scoring system that would be generalizable? Studies: [44:35] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30429127/ https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/128308 https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(22)00919-9.pdf [1:17:00] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18805087/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23376733/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12672919/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17437143/ [1:24:11] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32666008/ [1:25:46] and [1:29:12] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522106167?via%3Dihub GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

4 Apr 20231h 47min

Part 189 - DEBATE: Should You Eat Carbs For Muscle Growth? Logan Delgado & Robert Sikes

Part 189 - DEBATE: Should You Eat Carbs For Muscle Growth? Logan Delgado & Robert Sikes

Robert Sikes (@ketosavage) is the Keto Savage, Founder of the Keto Brick, and accomplished Keto Bodybuilder. Robert is the author of the new book - Ketogenic Bodybuilding, a Natural Athlete's Guide to Complete Savagery which is the culmination of his research and experience over the past 7 years of ketogenic natural bodybuilding, earning his pro card, and working with hundreds of clients. Robert hosts the Keto Savage podcast, the popular Keto Savage youtube channel with vlogs, cooking demos, and he also coaches clients through online coaching to improve their health, performance, and body composition. Logan Delgado, also known as GoodyBeats, is the co-founder and chief brand officer of BioCoach. Logan used to be 225lbs, overweight and out of shape and completely transformed his life through nutrition and exercise. A YouTuber, husband & father of two little girls, Logan is a huge inspiration in the health space and works his butt off every day to build a bigger following and influence to help motivate people! If you want some serious diet, workout, and life motivation give him a follow. Instagram: @goodybeats YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfLrsGeU0MJNw8o5aDdt5Bw GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org SHOW NOTES: (16:40) Be aware of how emotions play into your dietary choices, and never rely on willpower alone to keep you on track. (31:54) Sustainability is key to any dietary protocol. (37:10) A species-appropriate diet is not a high-carbohydrate diet, and especially not one made of highly-refined carbohydrates. (44:36) Diets are simple, but people are complicated. (59:34) Familiarize yourself with the nutritional makeup of the foods you eat on a daily basis. (1:05:45) Carbs can help in muscle-building as long as the other pieces of the puzzle are in place. (1:17:46) Building muscle has a myriad of benefits for everyone. This is part of the new Peak Human Debate Series where I talk to leading doctors, scientists, and health influencers about controversial topics. GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

29 Mars 20231h 35min

Part 188 - Dr. Kwadwo Kyeremanteng on Taking Control of Your Own Health

Part 188 - Dr. Kwadwo Kyeremanteng on Taking Control of Your Own Health

Brian sits with Dr. Kwadwo Kyeremanteng, an ICU Physician, and Head of the ICU Department, who also has a background in palliative care. Working on research into ways to make the healthcare system more sustainable, Dr. Kwadwo created the Resource Optimization Network and hosts the Solving Healthcare podcast. In his work Dr. Kwadwo noticed the relationship between metabolic syndrome or other underlying chronic conditions and covid outcomes. Following this, he took up a mission to empower patients with tools and knowledge to make healthy life choices that prevent and even reverse these diseases. GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org SHOW NOTES: (07:43) Facing the pandemic, Dr. Kwadwo's mission was to inform people about crucial factors that affect covid outcomes. (16:40) Many doctors are also struggling to balance their work with healthy living (19:35) How do doctors respond to the newer dietary recommendations as against the typical nutritional training? (17:34) The rigidity of doctors, whether due to ego or fear of being wrong, played out negatively in the pandemic. (24:57) Dr. Kwadwo has seen no case of a healthy patient ending up in the ICU due to covid-19. (35:53) The protein hack. (46:55) How can all these health strategies be passed across to the larger public? (54:00) How do families implement these changes? GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

15 Mars 20231h

Part 187 - Miki Ben-Dor on Our Meat-Eating & Happiness Utopia Before Agriculture

Part 187 - Miki Ben-Dor on Our Meat-Eating & Happiness Utopia Before Agriculture

Brian once again sits down with Miki Ben-Dor, a paleoanthropologist affiliated with Tel Aviv University. He specializes in the association between nutrition and evolution in humans, with a particular focus on reconstructing the Paleolithic diet. He conducted the study titled The evolution of the human trophic level during the Pleistocene (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.24247) and is the author of the 2023 book Live Paleo Style which can be purchased on Amazon. GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org SHOW NOTES (06:47) The top two principles that the hunter-gatherers of the past lived by was autonomy and equality. (15:44) What most people call the "paleo diet", Miki simply calls our "natural diet". (31:24) Sharing is common in all nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. (46:14) Those who continue to push the high-fiber, low-meat lifestyle are doing so disingenuously. (1:15:40) Brian and Miki recap just a few pieces of evidence that humans evolved to be high-trophic-level carnivores that do best when they primarily consume meat and fat (1:30:00) Meaning is found in helping others. GET THE MEAT http://NosetoTail.org FREE SAPIEN FOOD GUIDE http://sapien.org Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

8 Mars 20231h 48min

Part 186 - Dr. John Jaquish - Is Lifting Weights a Waste of Time?

Part 186 - Dr. John Jaquish - Is Lifting Weights a Waste of Time?

Brian sits down with Dr. John Jaquish, the Wall Street Journal bestselling author of the book Weight Lifting Is A Waste Of Time, So Is Cardio, And There's A Better Way To Have The Body You Want! He developed OsteoStrong, a groundbreaking bone density building medical technology, and is now in partnership with Tony Robbins. He is also the inventor of the X3 Bar, which has been proven to develop muscle much faster than conventional weight lifting. Dr. Jaquish's methods have been used to train the world's most elite athletes, such as the entire Miami Heat organization, various NFL and NBA players, as well as Olympians. Use the promo code SAPIEN to get $50 off your X3 Bar at https://www.jaquishbiomedical.com/x3-bar/. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES (12:05) According to Dr. Jaquish, 99% of people who go to the gym make no progress in their physique goals. (21:06) With variable resistance, you deal with more weight in positions where you are stronger, and dealing with less weight in positions where you are biomechanically inefficient. (28:06) For optimal muscle growth, you need a lot of protein in your system. Consuming up to 200 grams every day often makes it hard to eat anything else (i.e. carbs). (33:45) Metabolic rebound is the reason some muscle growth is associated with fasting, as demonstrated in a study conducted by Henry Alkire (https://www.linkedin.com/in/henry-alkire). (44:16) Supposedly, eating one meal per day puts you at higher risk of all-cause mortality. Dr. Jaquish finds a major flaw in the study (https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212267222008747) which claims this. (47:06) A healthy heart is highly-dependent on testosterone. (56:40) Cardio is a waste of time. For full show notes with links to all the studies join the Patreon BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

28 Feb 20231h 10min

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