Diabetes

Statistics

o >30 million people in US, 1 in 4 don’t know they have it

o 84 million US adults have prediabetes, and 90% don’t know they have it

o 7th leading cause of death in US

o Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases

o # of adults diagnosed with diabetes has doubled with age and overweight/obese

Risk factors

o Overweight

o >= 45 y/o

o Parent, brother, or sister with T2D

o Physically active < 3x/week

o Gestational diabetes (diabetes w/pregnancy) or given birth to baby weighing > 9 pounds

o African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Pacific Islanders, and some Asian Americans have higher risk for prediabetes and T2M

Leading cause of in 2019

o Chronic kidney disease

o Lower-limb amputations

o Adult-onset blindness

Risk Factors -- independent

o Diet

o Over-weight

o Lack of exercise

o Smoking – 30-40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than non-smokers

o Non-compliance with medications, weight loss, diet

Medications

o Large armamentarium of drugs

o Look for A1c lowering

o Risk factors are independent and can still cause end-organ disease

o Compliance with monitoring blood sugar – proxy for end-organ disease

o Compliance with medication

o Compliance with Insulin is approximately 50% across US

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