Part 32 - Stephan Guyenet, PhD on the Brain Controlling Body Fatness, Your Food Environment, and Low Carb Controversy

Part 32 - Stephan Guyenet, PhD on the Brain Controlling Body Fatness, Your Food Environment, and Low Carb Controversy

Today we're talking to Stephan Guyenet who has a degree in biochemistry and a PhD in neuroscience. He's spent over 12 years in the neuroscience research world studying neurodegenerative disease and the neuroscience of body fatness. He wrote a great book called The Hungry Brain, speaks at conferences, is a Senior Fellow at GiveWell and scientific reviewer for the Examine.com Research Digest.

He is definitely not a low carb person which is why I had him on. He has a lot of great ideas and is a great mind in the space of nutrition. It was very interesting to hear him talk about all the great benefits he did see when he ate a low carb diet 11 years ago. Make sure to listen until the end when he talks about this.

He has some problems with certain people and aspects of the low carb community and is going on Joe Rogan's podcast soon to debate Gary Taubes on his views of the Carbohydrate Insulin theory of obesity and sugar being uniquely toxic

We had some disagreement on the recommended daily allowance of nutrients - he thinks what's recommended is all you need and getting more than that is pointless. I think this is wrong. I think he's basing it on studies of worthless, non-bioavailable vitamin C pills that in excess do nothing. So in that - I agree. I don't think there's any benefit to popping a bunch of these and think we're going to cure a cold. I do know that our ancestors got estimates of 10-20 times the amount of nutrients we get today, so there's a lot more to this discussion that we didn't have time to get into.

We also disagreed on fiber which led to some carnivore talk. He got some things wrong about the member of the Grateful Dead who was a carnivore. He said he died at a young age of a heart attack. I looked into it and it turns out he was carnivore for 48 years and was in excellent health and died in a car accident at 72.

He also says we don't have longterm studies on the safety of low carb diets at the end. This isn't exactly true and furthermore, we have hundreds of thousands of years of human populations living on low carb diets to prove its safety and efficacy. He additionally mentions the low carb community makes crazy claims that aren't based on science. I'm not sure what he's referring to. Not everything can be measured anyway. If tens of thousands of people report to their doctor they aren't hungry anymore, their energy is stable, their brain is working better, they aren't addicted to sugar, they finally have control of their food intake, etc. then this is some great clinical observations and patient anecdotes that add up to a lot.

I think everyone has their own ideas about things and collects info to support their opinion. It's only natural, and I'm sure I'm doing it to, even though I'm trying not to. Everyone has to be in their camp and collect data and narratives to support their theories. He seemed to do this as you'll see throughout the episode.

I agreed with a lot of his points though, especially that humans didn't evolve to eat based on tracking macros and calories and using an excel spreadsheet to figure out what to eat. He's doing great work and looking at this from a different angle which is important. A lot of interesting stuff here so let's get to it. But first I gotta mention the Food Lies film which is in the last stretch of crowdfunding on Indiegogo. We really need your help to finish it. We have a bunch of cool perks like the Eat Meat T-shirt, the movie poster, bonus features, and more. Find it through FoodLies.org or by clicking through this link in the show notes. I really appreciate it - and now here's Stephan Guyenet.

http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post

Show Notes

  • I'm obsessed with why we get fat and what to do about it and you've been researching this for a long time
  • Why the brain is the most important place to focus on
  • The brain regulates how much we eat, our food choices, and our exercise
  • There's also non conscious processes the brain regulates that influence caloric expenditure, etc.
  • We also study the human genome to find how that plays a role in body fatness
  • When it comes to body weight, the genes that relate the most are in the brain
  • Nobody wants to overeat, but we end up doing it anyway
  • We need to look at our past to understand why we are wired to seek excess calories
  • Animals and hunter gatherers we've studied follow the Optimum Foraging Theory when they acquire food. It's all about the calories per the amount of effort
  • Because we were eating whole foods from nature, if we got enough calories, we by default we're getting all the vitamins and minerals needed
  • They didn't have white flour, sugar, or refined oils
  • We only have receptors for fat, sugar, salt, and glutamate
  • Apparently those are the nutrients that natural selection cared about most to create reward systems for
  • The Hadza people went mainly for meat, tubers, and honey and didn't go for leafy greens
  • The brain is motivated to pursue calorie containing foods, not vitamins and minerals
  • Combining bliss points make certain foods almost irresistible
  • You need to control your food environment
  • Not only don't have it sitting out so you can see certain foods, don't even have them in the house
  • How do genetics play a role? We know it's way more to do with the type of foods eaten
  • About 70% of people in countries like the US are genetically susceptible to become obese when eating the bad diet that exists there. The remaining percent just aren't as susceptible and can get away with it
  • Energy balance while always be a fact, but there's a lot more to it
  • Eat less, move more may work for some people, but it's not how we evolved. It's not a natural way to regulate body weight
  • You can set up a food environment to allow your body to naturally eat the right amount
  • You'd have to be hungry all the time to continue eating processed foods and try to lose weight
  • His definition and thoughts on nutrient density
  • Questioning the necessity of fiber
  • His views on the carnivore diet - he thinks a big factor is becoming lean and it certainly does that
  • He questions if there's long term chronic disease problems that we don't know about
  • Inuit seek some plant matter
  • Sound engineer from the Grateful Dead who was carnivore for 48 years - Stephan said he died of a heart attack at a young age. Turns out he was super healthy and died of a car accident at 72.
  • His book https://justmeat.co/docs/the-bear.pdf
  • They call him "Bear" https://dangerousminds.net/comments/uncle_johns_ham_the_grateful_deads_all-meat_diet
  • Wikipedia on him: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owsley_Stanley
  • Stephan agrees with what I always say about going to either end of the extreme with super low carb or super low fat you have great benefits
  • He's going on Joe Rogan's podcast to debate Gary Taubes on his views of the Carbohydrate Insulin theory of obesity and sugar being uniquely toxic
  • What happened with Gary Taubes and Dr. Peter Attia's non profit venture NuSI - the Nutritional Science Initiative?
  • What Stephan got wrong in his blog posts
  • Why he thinks Gary Taubes is wrong and what is the evidence
  • He doesn't like the fact that Gary is calling out scientists
  • Exercise and weight loss
  • The model of obesity he subscribes to is that it's all regulated by the brain
  • Homeostatic regulation - hypothalamus controls body fatness like a thermostat
  • The hormone leptin sends feedback to your brain regarding body fat levels
  • Personal fat threshold, how someone can be skinny on the outside but fat on the inside, people can be obese but metabolically healthy, and insulin as a dam holding back fat in the cells
  • He doesn't think that eating an insulin lowering diet like low carb allows you to lose weight because of the lowered insulin
  • He thinks low carb diets and low fat diets work merely because you're taking away the extreme motivation to overeat the foods, AKA hyperplatability
  • Potato hack
  • Metabolic flexibility
  • He thinks being metabolically inflexible is more a sign of insulin resistance than anything
  • He eats about 50% carb, 18% protein, 32% fat
  • He ate a low carb diet after reading Taubes' book Good Calories, Bad Calories 11 years ago
  • He said it was about the same but one benefit was that he wasn't tied to meal times. Eating high carb he definitely knew when it was time to eat. Easier to fast
  • He was easily doing 24 hour fasts. Now on high carb it's way harder and he experiences brain fog
  • Why are low carb diets so maligned in the mainstream media and medical system?
  • What are his solutions for fixing the nation's health problems?
  • His book The Hungry Brain http://www.stephanguyenet.com/thehungrybrain/
  • His website http://www.stephanguyenet.com
  • His Twitter https://twitter.com/whsource

Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post

Film site: http://FoodLies.org

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies

Sapien Movement: http://SapienMovement.com

Follow along:

http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg

http://instagram.com/food.lies

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Theme music by https://kylewardmusic.com/

Avsnitt(233)

Part 209 - Ana Rosa, MD, PhD on The Hidden Fat That's Killing You

Part 209 - Ana Rosa, MD, PhD on The Hidden Fat That's Killing You

Ana Rosa, MD, PhD is a physician, Radiologist, Body fellowship trained, alumni of the University of Minnesota, medical doctor at the VA healthcare system, and assistant professor at the University of Minnesota. Dr. Rosa has done two radiology residencies, one in Brazil, and one in the United States, obtained a doctorate degree, had done a body imaging fellowship, and also has published in medical journals and helped writing Imaging books in Brazil with 25 years of practice in the Imaging field as a Radiologist. Dr. Rosa shares with us her imaging knowledge of visceral fat, the importance of its detection and description in the reports, guiding the patients and the ordering providers by the findings on cross-section imaging such as MRI scans. The podcast intention is to bring awareness on how to detect a simple and easy biomarker such as visceral fat on MRI scans making it easier for patients to advocate for health and follow up for results. Dr. Rosa shares with us how to create quality of care in service for education and interaction between patients, providers and Radiologists in sharing her own story on how to heal from inside out by literally "seeing" a "silent" metabolic active killer that visceral fat represents and taking action to change the presence status quo And move towards optimizing health. SHOW NOTES (06:37) In medical school, healthcare professionals are trained to describe diseases while overlooking how visceral fat and metabolic health contributes to them. (15:52) Visceral fat is a major culprit when it comes to various metabolic issues. (28:04) The first step to prevent disease is to look for signs of inflammation. (31:17) While it's possible to request your MRI scan from your doctor, most providers won't know how to make use of it. (44:02) Health is not limited to staying alive. Health is also appearance and performance. (53:58) For doctors, another benefit of learning to deal with patients carrying high amounts of visceral fat is potentially minimizing burnout.

22 Nov 20231h 2min

Part 208 - Mary Ruddick Debunks the Blue Zones and Explains Worldwide Health Decline

Part 208 - Mary Ruddick Debunks the Blue Zones and Explains Worldwide Health Decline

Mary Ruddick is an internationally acclaimed nutritionist currently based in Europe and Africa. She has personally trained professional nutritionists around the globe. Dubbed the "Sherlock Holmes of Health" for her unique ability to expeditiously assess and remediate rare neuromuscular conditions that others have deemed impossible, Mary Ruddick is a seasoned researcher, educator, medical nutritionist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Her writing has been published in medical journals and her own inspirational healing story can be found in several publications. http://enableyourhealing.com BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES (10:38) The Maasai people who live the most traditional lifestyles are living what us moderns would consider a "utopia". (22:32) The mental health crisis came as a result of being unhealthy in general. (28:12) When you eat organ meat, you take in a lot of serine. (34:34) Another practice within these indigenous cultures is that there is no trading of food, meaning everything eaten is native. Their food is also traditionally processed. (45:25) You don't need to completely remove plants from your diet, but gravitate towards those that you enjoy eating and have been properly prepared to minimize toxicity. (53:12) When optimizing your nutrition, don't focus on achieving balance. Focus on avoiding deficiencies. (1:08:42) There are different levels of nutritional knowledge. (1:21:17) The concept of "Blue Zones" as presented in the mainstream is largely misrepresented. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

1 Nov 20231h 34min

Part 207 - Veronica Max, APRN, FNP on Your Complete Health Makeover

Part 207 - Veronica Max, APRN, FNP on Your Complete Health Makeover

Veronica Max is a nurse practitioner and the CEO of UltraPersonal Healthcare. Bringing more than eleven years of family and functional medicine experience to the table, Veronica founded UltraPersonal Healthcare with the aim of creating a quality of care, service and experience that she found missing in the modern healthcare system. Just tell her Brian sent you! https://www.ultrapersonal.healthcare BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES (12:24) Find a healthcare practitioner that focuses on preventing disease rather than treating disease. (16:14) Terrain theory takes into account the human body and the health of the organism. (23:31) Exposure to the sun and the elements is vital to a healthy body with normal levels of sex and thyroid hormone. (36:40) A healthy diet involves meat, fish, and seasonal fruits and vegetables. (41:44) There's ancient wisdom in the fact that all the major religions incorporate fasting. (47:21) Hashimoto's is autoimmune hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). (55:57) Calorie restriction is a form of stress. (1:02:02) Movement is important. But if you overlook food and light, you won't meet your goals. (1:08:30) It's no coincidence that the thyroid is in the throat. (1:11:29) There's no right or wrong place for a woman to have her baby. It's important to know your options. (1:14:32) When it comes to your child's immunization schedule, it's important to educate yourself and to listen to your intuition as a parent. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

25 Okt 20231h 19min

Part 206 - Chris Kruger on How to Lose Fat the Easy Way

Part 206 - Chris Kruger on How to Lose Fat the Easy Way

Chris Kruger is a fitness coach and a promoter of the high-testosterone lifestyle. At 40 years old, he has already dedicated two full decades to assisting men worldwide in achieving their peak potential – in appearance, well-being, and overall performance – all without the need for pills, powders, prescriptions, or PEDs/TRT. http://Instagram.com/krugerbody Just DM him you want to do the SAPIEN program ck@testosteronesuperchallenge.com BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES: (06:19) Natural hormone optimization applies to men just as much as it applies to women. (07:20) A calorie deficit for weight loss purposes is only effective in the short-term. (16:15) Instead of restricting yourself nutritionally while trying to improve or maintain performance, go for naturally optimizing your hormones. (26:55) Don't think "energy balance". Think "energy metabolism". (37:28) True health or fitness is about living like a human should to the fullest. (53:04) Testosterone can be produced from saturated fat. (1:01:52) Your health and fitness is a reflection of the relationship you have with yourself. (1:22:46) Outside of sleep, the biggest lever you can pull is getting enough protein. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

19 Okt 20231h 32min

Part 205 - Dave Feldman on The Amazing Study of Fit People w/ High LDL Cholesterol

Part 205 - Dave Feldman on The Amazing Study of Fit People w/ High LDL Cholesterol

Dave Feldman is an independent researcher and software engineer who has gained notoriety for his work on cholesterol and lipid metabolism, particularly in the context of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets. Coming from a background in software engineering, Feldman took a systems engineering approach to understanding cholesterol, creating what he calls the "lipid energy model." He has presented his findings at various medical conferences and is a frequent guest on health and wellness podcasts. Although not a credentialed medical professional, Feldman's citizen science has challenged traditional views on cholesterol, encouraging more nuanced discussions around its role in health. His work has captivated a large following of both laypeople and experts interested in the complexities of lipidology. http://CholesterolCode.com BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES: (4:18) A study on the Lipid Energy Model (LEM) (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35629964/) may explain why cholesterol increases in those who decide to consume fat for energy over carbs. (12:46) The status of your metabolic health influences how a particular diet affects your health, no matter the diet. (20:42) HDL at 50 or higher and triglycerides at 100 or lower are good benchmarks to strive for. (36:19) Multiple studies demonstrate that, if you take 100 random people in the same demographic with 0 risk factors, 60 male and 40 female, a little more than half of them would have 0 CAC. (44:07) Dave's ongoing companion study (follow updates at https://citizensciencefoundation.org/) running parallel to the main study features a control group with more relaxed criteria. (52:03) If we had more data on healthy populations, a clearer path towards a healthy way of life will be achieved (59:40) Visit (https://ownyourlabs.com/) which is both a blood testing service and a hub to participate in citizen science. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

4 Okt 202356min

Part 204 - Gabor Erdosi on The Root Cause of Diabetes, Disease, and Obesity

Part 204 - Gabor Erdosi on The Root Cause of Diabetes, Disease, and Obesity

Gabor is a food scientist with a master's in molecular biology. He lives in Hungary and is one of these engineers/scientists who I love talking to who look at nutrition differently. He has a very unique perspective because he worked for big food manufacturers. He spends almost all of his free time researching this stuff to help people understand how bad these processed foods actually are. He has a large community on Facebook where he shares and discusses this information. He also has some great presentations he's done you can find online. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES (12:29) To determine whether a study is biased, refer first to potential conflicts of interest. (14:56) Adipose tissue is a question of function over mass. (23:53) We are adaptive organisms. (31:04) Accelerated Appearance and Absorption (AAA) takes place when your small intestinal tract is filled too quickly with ultra-processed foods (refined carbs and/or added fats). (41:03) Processed proteins are nowhere near as unhealthy as processed carbs. (55:40) Overeating doesn't necessarily equal gaining weight, and vice versa. (58:36) Adipogenesis is the generation of more fat mainly through the addition of new fat cells. (1:09:19) In general, metabolic health is a good marker of future health outcomes. (1:17:58) A diet rich in refined carbohydrates and added fats leads to the production of endotoxins that are easily absorbed. (1:27:46) Visceral fat is a protective mechanism. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

27 Sep 20231h 28min

Part 203 - Dr. Joel Kahn Thinks You Should Go Vegan

Part 203 - Dr. Joel Kahn Thinks You Should Go Vegan

Dr. Joel Kahn is a cardiologist, integrative medicine practitioner and promoter of plant-based nutrition. Having practiced traditional cardiology since 1983, it was only after his own commitment to a plant based vegan diet that he truly began to delve into the realm of non-traditional diagnostic tools, prevention tactics and nutrition-based recovery protocols. These ideologies led him to change his approach and focus on being a holistic cardiologist. https://www.drjoelkahn.com/ GET THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES (16:52) According to Dr. Khan, if you suffer from heart disease, consider a plant-based diet based on science. (20:38) We start to develop atherosclerosis in our 20s and 30s. (31:00) We have more than enough data that a human can live through their reproductive years on a huge variety of diets. (47:08) To assess whether or not you're on the right path, assess your own cardiovascular status. (59:54) 30-40% of heart attacks, strokes, and early deaths are due to genetic factors, completely regardless of nutrition and lifestyle. (1:09:50) Examine whether or not your lifestyle is working for you. Don't just assume it is. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

20 Sep 20231h 13min

Part 202 - Stephan Guyenet, PhD on Why Do Humans Overeat?

Part 202 - Stephan Guyenet, PhD on Why Do Humans Overeat?

Stephan J. Guyenet, Ph.D. is an obesity researcher and health writer whose work ties together neuroscience, physiology, evolutionary biology, and nutrition to offer explanations and solutions for our global weight problem. He received a B.S. in biochemistry at the University of Virginia and a Ph.D. in neurobiology at the University of Washington. He is the author of the popular health website, Whole Health Source, and is a frequent speaker on topics of obesity, metabolism, and nutrition. https://www.stephanguyenet.com/about-stephan-guyenet/ BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post SHOW NOTES: (11:16) Our brains determine our food intake and regulate our energy expenditure, in a way that works best in our ancestral environment, but not in our modern environment. (24:33) We consume calories for many reasons, hunger being just one of them. Likewise, satiety is just one of many reasons we stop eating. (34:40) As a rule of thumb, eat a diet of omnivorous whole foods that are lower in calorie density. (49:56) Fiber is not an essential nutrient. (58:35) Nutrient-to-energy is important to health, but once you have adequate intake, there's not much benefit in taking in more. (1:04:46) Most people in the US are more susceptible to obesity than others. Whether or not they actually become obese comes down to the environment they choose. (1:15:31) Blood pressure, on a genetic level, doesn't typically change as one gets older. BUY THE MEAT NosetoTail.org Preorder the film here: http://indiegogo.com/projects/food-lies-post Film site: http://FoodLies.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/FoodLies Follow along: http://twitter.com/FoodLiesOrg http://instagram.com/food.lies http://facebook.com/FoodLiesOrg

12 Sep 20231h 26min

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